TIMELESS — Timeless circadian regulator
TIMELESS belongs to a gene co-expression module in 1 of 28 SCUBA cell types. Each module groups genes that rise and fall together in that cell type; the genes it shares a module with are its closest co-expression partners there.
TIMELESS's module in each cell type
| Cell type | Module | Shares the module with | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma-delta T cells | DNA Replication Licensing Cell cycle | BRCA1, CHAF1A, HELLS, MCM2, MCM3, MCM4, MCM5, MCM7 +2 more |
About the gene
| Synonyms | hTIM, TIM, TIM1 |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | 12: 56416363-56449426 |
| Predicted location | Intracellular |
| Essential gene | Yes |
| Protein class | Disease related genes, Essential proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins |
| Molecular function | Developmental protein |
| Biological process | Biological rhythms, Cell cycle, Cell division, DNA damage, DNA repair, Mitosis, Transcription, Transcription regulation |
Function
Plays an important role in the control of DNA replication, maintenance of replication fork stability, maintenance of genome stability throughout normal DNA replication, DNA repair and in the regulation of the circadian clock. Required to stabilize replication forks during DNA replication by forming a complex with TIPIN: this complex regulates DNA replication processes under both normal and stress conditions, stabilizes replication forks and influences both CHEK1 phosphorylation and the intra-S phase checkpoint in response to genotoxic stress. During DNA replication, inhibits the CMG complex ATPase activity and activates DNA polymerases catalytic activities, coupling DNA unwinding and DNA synthesis. TIMELESS promotes TIPIN nuclear localization. Plays a role in maintaining processive DNA replication past genomic guanine-rich DNA sequences that form G- quadruplex (G4) structures, possibly together with DDX1. Involved in cell survival after DNA damage or replication stress by promoting DNA repair. In response to double-strand breaks (DSBs), accumulates at DNA damage sites and promotes homologous recombination repair via its interaction with PARP1. May be specifically required for the ATR-CHEK1 pathway in the replication checkpoint induced by hydroxyurea or ultraviolet light. Involved in the determination of period length and in the DNA damage-dependent phase advancing of the circadian clock. Negatively regulates CLOCK|NPAS2- ARTNL/BMAL1|ARTNL2/BMAL2-induced transactivation of PER1 possibly via translocation of PER1 into the nucleus. May play a role as destabilizer of the PER2-CRY2 complex. May also play an important role in epithelial cell morphogenesis and formation of branching tubules (By similarity).
Human Protein Atlas · Open Targets · UniProt
Gene annotation from the Human Protein Atlas and UniProt; see sources & licences.