ATG4D — Autophagy related 4D cysteine peptidase
ATG4D belongs to a gene co-expression module in 1 of 30 SCUBA cell types. Each module groups genes that rise and fall together in that cell type; the genes it shares a module with are its closest co-expression partners there.
ATG4D's module in each cell type
| Cell type | Module | Shares the module with | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colonocytes | Lipid Xenobiotic Metabolism Nutrient processing | ACAA1, ACOT8, ARF3, BPNT1, BSG, CA12, CNPPD1, CRAT +15 more | View in SCUBA |
About the gene
| Synonyms | APG4-D, APG4D, AUTL4 |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | 19: 10543895-10553418 |
| Predicted location | Intracellular |
| Essential gene | No |
| Protein class | Enzymes, Predicted intracellular proteins, Transporters |
| Molecular function | Hydrolase, Protease, Thiol protease |
| Biological process | Apoptosis, Autophagy, Protein transport, Transport, Ubl conjugation pathway |
Function
Cysteine protease that plays a key role in autophagy by mediating both proteolytic activation and delipidation of ATG8 family proteins. The protease activity is required for proteolytic activation of ATG8 family proteins: cleaves the C-terminal amino acid of ATG8 proteins MAP1LC3 and GABARAPL2, to reveal a C-terminal glycine. Exposure of the glycine at the C-terminus is essential for ATG8 proteins conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy (By similarity). In addition to the protease activity, also mediates delipidation of ATG8 family proteins. Catalyzes delipidation of PE-conjugated forms of ATG8 proteins during macroautophagy. Also involved in non-canonical autophagy, a parallel pathway involving conjugation of ATG8 proteins to single membranes at endolysosomal compartments, by catalyzing delipidation of ATG8 proteins conjugated to phosphatidylserine (PS). ATG4D plays a role in the autophagy-mediated neuronal homeostasis in the central nervous system (By similarity). Compared to other members of the family (ATG4A, ATG4B or ATG4C), constitutes the major protein for the delipidation activity, while it promotes weak proteolytic activation of ATG8 proteins (By similarity). Involved in phagophore growth during mitophagy independently of its protease activity and of ATG8 proteins: acts by regulating ATG9A trafficking to mitochondria and promoting phagophore- endoplasmic reticulum contacts during the lipid transfer phase of mitophagy. Plays a role as an autophagy regulator that links mitochondrial dysfunction with apoptosis. The mitochondrial import of ATG4D during cellular stress and differentiation may play important roles in the regulation of mitochondrial physiology, ROS, mitophagy and cell viability
Human Protein Atlas · Open Targets · UniProt
Gene annotation from the Human Protein Atlas and UniProt; see sources & licences.