C3 — Complement C3
C3 belongs to a gene co-expression module in 2 of 28 SCUBA cell types. Each module groups genes that rise and fall together in that cell type; the genes it shares a module with are its closest co-expression partners there.
C3's module in each cell type
| Cell type | Module | Shares the module with | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fibroblasts | Complement-producing Fibroblast Inflammatory | ANK2, CLSTN3, CYP7B1, DAAM1, DHRS3, GUCY1A1, GUCY1B1, LPAR1 +8 more | View in SCUBA |
| Smooth muscle cells | BMP-antagonist Niche Development | AP1S2, ARL4C, CCBE1, CD74, CHRDL1, CISD1, GREM1, GREM2 +4 more | View in SCUBA |
About the gene
| Synonyms | ARMD9, C3a, C3b, CPAMD1 |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | 19: 6677704-6730562 |
| Predicted location | Intracellular, Secreted |
| Essential gene | No |
| Protein class | Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, Disease related genes, FDA approved drug targets, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins |
| Biological process | Complement alternate pathway, Complement pathway, Fatty acid metabolism, Immunity, Inflammatory response, Innate immunity, Lipid metabolism |
Function
Precursor of non-enzymatic components of the classical, alternative, lectin and GZMK complement pathways, which consist in a cascade of proteins that leads to phagocytosis and breakdown of pathogens and signaling that strengthens the adaptive immune system. Non-enzymatic component of C5 convertase. Generated following cleavage by C3 convertase, it covalently attaches to the surface of pathogens, where it acts as an opsonin that marks the surface of antigens for removal. Complement C3b binds covalently via its reactive thioester, to cell surface carbohydrates or immune aggregates. Together with complement C4b, it then recruits the serine protease complement C2b to form the C5 convertase, which cleaves and activate C5, the next component of the complement pathways. In the alternative complement pathway, recruits the serine protease CFB to form the C5 convertase that cleaves and activates C5. Mediator of local inflammatory process released following cleavage by C3 convertase. Acts by binding to its receptor, C3AR1, activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling, promoting the phosphorylation, ARRB2-mediated internalization and endocytosis of C3AR1. C3a anaphylatoxin stimulates the activation of immune cells such as mast cells and basophilic leukocytes to release inflammation agents, such as cytokines, chemokines and histamine, which promote inflammation development. Also acts as potent chemoattractant for the migration of macrophages and neutrophils to the inflamed tissues, resulting in neutralization of the inflammatory triggers by multiple ways, such as phagocytosis and generation of reactive oxidants. Adipogenic hormone that stimulates triglyceride synthesis and glucose transport in adipocytes, regulating fat storage and playing a role in postprandial triglyceride clearance. Appears to stimulate triglyceride synthesis via activation of the PLC, MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Acts by binding to its receptor, C5AR2, activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling, promoting the phosphorylation, ARRB2-mediated internalization and endocytosis of C5AR2. Acts as a chemoattractant for neutrophils in chronic inflammation
Human Protein Atlas · Open Targets · UniProt
Gene annotation from the Human Protein Atlas and UniProt; see sources & licences.