PADI4 — Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4
PADI4 belongs to a gene co-expression module in 2 of 28 SCUBA cell types. Each module groups genes that rise and fall together in that cell type; the genes it shares a module with are its closest co-expression partners there.
PADI4's module in each cell type
| Cell type | Module | Shares the module with | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monocytes | Classical Monocyte Trafficking Migration & adhesion | ANXA6, CKAP4, EMB, F5, GCA, MAP2K6, MPP7, MSRB1 +4 more | View in SCUBA |
| Neutrophils | NET Priming State Netosis | ADD3, APMAP, ARG1, CCDC125, CCPG1, ITGAM, PLBD1, PPP2R5A +1 more |
About the gene
| Synonyms | PAD, PADI5, PDI4, PDI5 |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | 1: 17308195-17364004 |
| Predicted location | Intracellular |
| Essential gene | No |
| Protein class | Disease related genes, Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Potential drug targets, Predicted intracellular proteins |
| Molecular function | Chromatin regulator, Hydrolase |
| Biological process | Immunity, Innate immunity, Transcription, Transcription regulation |
Function
Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins such as histones, thereby playing a key role in histone code and regulation of stem cell maintenance. Citrullinates histone H1 at 'Arg-54' (to form H1R54ci), histone H3 at 'Arg-2', 'Arg- 8', 'Arg-17' and/or 'Arg-26' (to form H3R2ci, H3R8ci, H3R17ci, H3R26ci, respectively) and histone H4 at 'Arg-3' (to form H4R3ci). Acts as a key regulator of stem cell maintenance by mediating citrullination of histone H1: citrullination of 'Arg-54' of histone H1 (H1R54ci) results in H1 displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance. Promotes profound chromatin decondensation during the innate immune response to infection in neutrophils by mediating formation of H1R54ci. Required for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation (By similarity). Citrullination of histone H3 prevents their methylation by CARM1 and HRMT1L2/PRMT1 and represses transcription. Citrullinates EP300/P300 at 'Arg- 2142', which favors its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1.
Human Protein Atlas · Open Targets · UniProt
Gene annotation from the Human Protein Atlas and UniProt; see sources & licences.