FADS3 — Fatty acid desaturase 3
FADS3 belongs to a gene co-expression module in 3 of 28 SCUBA cell types. Each module groups genes that rise and fall together in that cell type; the genes it shares a module with are its closest co-expression partners there.
FADS3's module in each cell type
| Cell type | Module | Shares the module with | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Endothelial | Inflammatory Kinase Signaling Inflammation | ANKRD28, CBL, CDC123, CNN2, DGKH, EOGT, FYN, MAP4K4 +7 more | View in SCUBA |
| Glial cells | Glial Quiescence State Development | AATK, CDKN1C, PPP1R10, RGCC, RSRP1, SLC38A2, SOX2, SRSF5 | View in SCUBA |
| Smooth muscle cells | NF-kB Stress Response Stress | BHLHE40, CCNL1, HSP90AB1, IER3, MIDN, NFKBIZ, PPP1R15A, THBS1 +1 more | View in SCUBA |
About the gene
| Synonyms | CYB5RP, LLCDL3 |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | 11: 61873519-61892051 |
| Predicted location | Intracellular, Membrane |
| Essential gene | No |
| Protein class | Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins |
| Molecular function | Oxidoreductase |
| Biological process | Electron transport, Fatty acid biosynthesis, Fatty acid metabolism, Lipid biosynthesis, Lipid metabolism, Transport |
Function
Mammals have different sphingoid bases that differ in their length and/or pattern of desaturation and hydroxyl groups. The predominant sphingoid base that comprises mammalian ceramides is sphing-4-enine (sphingosine or SPH) which has a trans (E) desaturation at carbon 4. FADS3 is a desaturase that introduces a cis (Z) double bond between carbon 14 and carbon 15 of the sphingoid base (also known as long chain base, LCB), producing LCBs such as sphinga-4,14-dienine (SPD, d18:2(4E,14Z)) from SPH. Prefers SPH- containing ceramides (N-acylsphing-4-enines) as substrates. Capable of metabolizing also the SPH in its free form. SPD ceramides occur widely in mammalian tissues and cells. Due to their unusual structure containing a cis double bond, SPD ceramides may have an opposite, negative role in lipid microdomain formation relative to conventional ceramides. Could be involved in the detoxification of 1-deoxy sphingolipids, by desaturating the cytotoxic 1-deoxysphinganine (1- deoxySA, m18:0), produced under pathological conditions, to 1- deoxysphingenine (1-deoxysphingosine, 1-deoxySO, m18:1) (Probable). Although prefers SPH-containing ceramides (N-acylsphing-4-enines) as substrates, it also exhibits activity toward dihydrosphingosine- containing CERs (N-acylsphinganines) and produces 14Z-SPH-containing sphingolipids,which can be found in patients with DEGS1 mutations. Its desaturase mechanism involves an electron transfer facilitated by cytochrome b5. FADS3 also acts as a methyl-end fatty acyl coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase that introduces a cis double bond between the preexisting double bond and the terminal methyl group of the fatty acyl chain (By similarity). Desaturates (11E)-octadecenoate (trans-vaccenoate, the predominant trans fatty acid in human milk) at carbon 13 to generate (11E,13Z)- octadecadienoate (also known as conjugated linoleic acid 11E,13Z-CLA) (By similarity).
Human Protein Atlas · Open Targets · UniProt
Gene annotation from the Human Protein Atlas and UniProt; see sources & licences.