EIF2S1 — Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha
EIF2S1 belongs to a gene co-expression module in 6 of 28 SCUBA cell types. Each module groups genes that rise and fall together in that cell type; the genes it shares a module with are its closest co-expression partners there.
EIF2S1's module in each cell type
| Cell type | Module | Shares the module with | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CD19⁺ B cells | Chaperonin Protein Folding Protein processing & ER | BANF1, CCT2, CCT3, CCT4, CCT5, CCT6A, ILF2, MRPL14 +5 more | View in SCUBA |
| CD4⁺ T cells | RNA processing splicing RNA processing | BUD31, DNAJC8, EDF1, GTF3C6, HPRT1, ILF2, LAMTOR5, MIIP +11 more | View in SCUBA |
| Endothelial | Actin Vesicle Trafficking Cytoskeletal | ABRACL, ACTR3, ADRM1, ANKRD9, C3orf14, CISD2, CLIC1, ELOVL1 +10 more | View in SCUBA |
| Gamma-delta T cells | Metabolic-Translational Coupling RNA processing & translation | APOL6, ARCN1, ARGLU1, DCAF12, DDX23, EIF4G1, FHOD1, GMPPB +20 more | |
| Innate lymphoid cells | RNA Processing & Proteostasis RNA processing & translation | BZW1, CBX5, CSNK1A1, DDX21, EIF3J, ENPP1, FNBP1, HNRNPA3 +11 more | View in SCUBA |
| Macrophages | Mitochondrial Housekeeping Mitochondrial & OxPhos | BLOC1S2, BUD31, C14orf119, CCT5, CDC26, DGUOK, GADD45GIP1, LSM1 +11 more | View in SCUBA |
About the gene
| Synonyms | EIF-2alpha, EIF2, EIF2A |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | 14: 67360328-67386516 |
| Predicted location | Intracellular |
| Essential gene | Yes |
| Protein class | Essential proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins |
| Molecular function | Initiation factor, RNA-binding |
| Biological process | Protein biosynthesis, Translation regulation |
Function
Member of the eIF2 complex that functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S pre- initiation complex (43S PIC). Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF2 and release of an eIF2-GDP binary complex. In order for eIF2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by eIF2B. EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha is a key component of the integrated stress response (ISR), required for adaptation to various stress: phosphorylation by metabolic-stress sensing protein kinases (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2) in response to stress converts EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to an attenuation of cap-dependent translation, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activators ATF4 and QRICH1, and hence allowing ATF4- and QRICH1-mediated reprogramming. EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha also acts as an activator of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial damage: phosphorylation by EIF2AK1/HRI promotes relocalization to the mitochondrial surface, thereby triggering PRKN-independent mitophagy.
Human Protein Atlas · Open Targets · UniProt
Gene annotation from the Human Protein Atlas and UniProt; see sources & licences.