PARP9 — Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 9
PARP9 belongs to a gene co-expression module in 7 of 28 SCUBA cell types. Each module groups genes that rise and fall together in that cell type; the genes it shares a module with are its closest co-expression partners there.
PARP9's module in each cell type
| Cell type | Module | Shares the module with | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CD4⁺ T cells | Interferon response Anti-viral | ACBD5, AQP3, BTN2A1, BTN3A2, BTN3A3, CISH, EIF2AK2, ERAP2 +23 more | View in SCUBA |
| CD8⁺ T cells | Interferon-stimulated Genes Inflammation | ADAR, GBP1, OAS2, PARP14, RNF213, SAMD9, SAMD9L, SP110 +3 more | View in SCUBA |
| Endothelial | Type I Interferon Response Inflammation | ADAR, DDX60, DTX3L, IFIH1, LAP3, OAS2, ODF3B, SLC15A3 +3 more | View in SCUBA |
| Enterocytes | IFN-gamma response Inflammation | APOL6, BIRC3, GBP1, GBP2, IRF1, NUB1, PARP14, RNF213 +2 more | View in SCUBA |
| Macrophages | Antiviral ISG Response Antiviral | ADAR, APOL6, ARID5A, CLEC7A, DDX60, DTX3L, EIF2AK2, ERICH1 +29 more | View in SCUBA |
| Monocytes | JAK-STAT IFN Signaling Antiviral | DDX60, GBP2, LAP3, RNF213, SP110, STAT1, STAT2, TNFSF10 +1 more | View in SCUBA |
| Mucosal-associated invariant T cell | Type I Interferon Inflammation | APOL2, CHMP5, COMMD8, FBXO6, GBP1, NMI, RBCK1, RIGI +9 more |
About the gene
| Synonyms | ARTD9, BAL, BAL1 |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | 3: 122527924-122564577 |
| Predicted location | Intracellular |
| Essential gene | No |
| Protein class | Disease related genes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins |
| Molecular function | Glycosyltransferase, Nucleotidyltransferase, Transferase |
| Biological process | Antiviral defense, DNA damage, DNA repair, Immunity, Innate immunity |
Function
ADP-ribosyltransferase which, in association with E3 ligase DTX3L, plays a role in DNA damage repair and in immune responses including interferon-mediated antiviral defenses. Within the complex, enhances DTX3L E3 ligase activity which is further enhanced by PARP9 binding to poly(ADP-ribose). In association with DTX3L and in presence of E1 and E2 enzymes, mediates NAD(+)-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylation of ubiquitin which prevents ubiquitin conjugation to substrates such as histones. During DNA repair, PARP1 recruits PARP9/BAL1-DTX3L complex to DNA damage sites via PARP9 binding to ribosylated PARP1. Subsequent PARP1- dependent PARP9/BAL1-DTX3L-mediated ubiquitination promotes the rapid and specific recruitment of 53BP1/TP53BP1, UIMC1/RAP80, and BRCA1 to DNA damage sites. In response to DNA damage, PARP9-DTX3L complex is required for efficient non-homologous end joining (NHEJ); the complex function is negatively modulated by PARP9 activity. Dispensable for B-cell receptor (BCR) assembly through V(D)J recombination and class switch recombination (CSR) (By similarity). In macrophages, positively regulates pro- inflammatory cytokines production in response to IFNG stimulation by suppressing PARP14-mediated STAT1 ADP-ribosylation and thus promoting STAT1 phosphorylation. Also suppresses PARP14- mediated STAT6 ADP-ribosylation.
Human Protein Atlas · Open Targets · UniProt
Gene annotation from the Human Protein Atlas and UniProt; see sources & licences.