TNF — Tumor necrosis factor
TNF belongs to a gene co-expression module in 7 of 28 SCUBA cell types. Each module groups genes that rise and fall together in that cell type; the genes it shares a module with are its closest co-expression partners there.
TNF's module in each cell type
| Cell type | Module | Shares the module with | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CD4⁺ T cells | NF-kB activation TCR/AP1/NFKb pathway | ADRA2B, CD83, CHD4, CYB5D1, DUSP2, EGR2, EGR3, EGR4 +9 more | View in SCUBA |
| CD8⁺ T cells | AP-1 Early Activation TCR Signaling | BTG2, CD69, EGR1, FOS, FOSB, IER2, JUNB, LEPROTL1 +5 more | View in SCUBA |
| Gamma-delta T cells | AP-1 Immediate Early Response Stress | BRD2, CITED2, CSKMT, EGR1, EIF4A2, FRAT1, FRAT2, GADD45B +25 more | |
| Innate lymphoid cells | Dissociation Stress Response Stress | C12orf57, CA2, CALM2, EHD1, EIF4A2, IER2, MEPCE, NDRG1 +9 more | View in SCUBA |
| Macrophages | NF-κB Inflammatory Activation Inflammatory | ADM, CCL2, CCL20, CCL7, CLEC4E, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3 +19 more | View in SCUBA |
| Monocytes | TNF/IL-1 Cytokine Storm Inflammatory | CCL3, CCL4, CCL4L2, EGR3, IL1A, IL6, KCNJ2, PTGS2 +3 more | View in SCUBA |
| Mucosal-associated invariant T cell | TCR-Induced Early Response TCR Signaling | ATF3, EGR1, GLA, HMGCS1, IER3, NR4A1, NUP58, PPP1R15B +3 more |
About the gene
| Synonyms | DIF, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2 |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | 6: 31575565-31578336 |
| Predicted location | Intracellular, Secreted |
| Essential gene | No |
| Protein class | Cancer-related genes, Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, Disease related genes, FDA approved drug targets, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins |
| Molecular function | Cytokine |
Function
Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T- cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Up-regulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective. Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line. Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance (By similarity). Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and IL6. Promotes osteoclastogenesis and therefore mediates bone resorption (By similarity). The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells
Human Protein Atlas · Open Targets · UniProt
Gene annotation from the Human Protein Atlas and UniProt; see sources & licences.